Common types of tower cranes

1. It is divided into upper rotary tower crane and lower rotary tower crane according to slewing mode,

2. It is divided into quick-mounted tower crane and non-quick-mounted tower crane according to the erection method,

3. It is divided into trolley luffing tower crane and boom luffing tower crane according to luffing mode,

4. It can be divided into tower crane and flat-head tower crane according to the support mode of the boom.



1. Classified by slewing mode: it can be divided into upper slewing tower crane and lower slewing tower crane.

The tower body of the upper slewing tower crane does not rotate, and the rotating part is installed on the upper part. It is the most widely used tower crane in construction sites at present. The characteristics of the upper slewing tower crane are as follows: the bottom outline size is small, the space requirement for the building site is small, and the use of the building material yard is not affected; Because the tower body does not rotate, the moment of inertia is small when rotating, the lifting capacity is relatively large, and the lifting height is relatively high, which is convenient for refitting into an attached tower crane, and can meet the construction needs of various types of buildings.

Lower slewing tower crane: the structure of the tower body is relatively light, the slewing mechanism is installed at the lower part, and the tower body can rotate. Generally, it is transported as a whole and erected by itself, which is easy to disassemble and quickly transfer. However, the scale of the bottom turntable and balance arm is large, and the safety distance between the tower crane and the building shall be at least 600mm





2. It can be divided into trolley luffing tower crane and boom luffing tower crane according to luffing mode. Trolley luffing tower crane (Fig. 2-1a and Fig. 2-1b) realizes luffing by running the lifting trolley along the boom, which is called trolley luffing type or trolley running type. Its boom is always in the horizontal position. The luffing trolley is suspended on the lower chord of the boom, and both ends are connected with the wire rope of the luffing winch respectively. The winch is driven to rotate by the rotation of the motor to make the luffing trolley move. The boom luffing tower crane (Fig. 2-1c) is luffing by changing the elevation movement of the boom, and the amplitude change is realized by using the luffing winch and luffing pulley block system.




3. It can be divided into tower head type and flat head type according to the support mode of the boom.

The upper structure of tower head trolley luffing tower crane is mainly composed of tower head, slewing tower body (or upper slewing platform), balance arm, balance arm pull rod, balance weight, boom and boom pull rod, and is connected by hinges.



The upper structure of the flat-head trolley luffing tower crane mainly includes the balance arm, the balance arm pull rod, the balance weight, the slewing tower body and the T-frame (or the upper slewing platform and A-frame), etc. There is no traditional tower head, and the boom pull rod is canceled. The upper structure is horizontal and all are rigid structures.



(4) Self-attached tower crane can be divided into external attached tower crane and internal climbing tower crane

With the large number of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, the upper and lower slewing tower cranes can no longer meet the needs of large height lifting. Generally, when the building height exceeds 50m, it is necessary to rely on its own special device to increase or decrease the standard section of the tower body or the self-climbing tower crane.



The tower body of the tower crane is attached to the building and gradually climbs along the floor height with the building rising.



Self-attached tower cranes can be divided into external attached and internal climbing (referred to as internal climbing).



4. There are fixed type and mobile type according to the classification of walking mechanism

1. The tower body of the fixed tower crane is fixed and fixed, and is installed on the whole concrete foundation or on the strip or X-shaped concrete foundation. It can be used as both the internal climbing tower crane and the attached tower crane, which is only applicable to the construction of high-rise buildings.



2. The tower crane with traveling mechanism is also called mobile tower crane, which can travel with load and has a wide range of applications. However, it requires a walking mechanism with complex structure and high cost, and the height of mobile tower crane is also limited due to the influence of tower body stiffness and stability